The primary purpose of satire Essay Example for Free

Limiting Financial Executives' Compensation Term Paper

Constraining Financial Executives' Compensation - Term Paper Example While the monetary advancements helped the securities exchanges develop at an astounding pace during the 1990s and mid 2000s, they likewise realized a bogus rapture and when the air pocket burst, the present lull was impending. The 1980s proclaimed numerous adjustments in the banking and protections trade parts the world over. It was a time of deregulations and free progression of currency.Due to changes in approaches identified with the financial exchange like security exchanging, creation of securitization, loan fee trades, and credit-default trades, investors could progressively make enormous benefits in the financial exchanges in the previous two - three decades. Monetary administrations likewise profited by higher speculations made in protections by the inexorably well off populace, supported by the IRA and 401 (k) plan. With everybody bringing in cash, there appeared to be clout encompassing the money related specialists, and the development of private banks was viewed as equal with monetary development. As indicated by Simon Johnson, the incredible riches that the money related part made and thought gave brokers colossal political weight-a weight not found in the U.S. since the period of J.P. Morgan (the man). In a similar article, the graph demonstrating the level of budgetary industry's benefits as a portion of U.S business benefits shows a moderate increment fr

How to Be Newlyweds After Years of Marriage

How to Be Newlyweds After Years of Marriage Relationships Spouses & Partners Print 7 Ways to Be Newlyweds After Years of Marriage By Marni Feuerman Marni Feuerman is a psychotherapist in private practice who has been helping couples with marital issues for more than 27 years. Learn about our editorial policy Marni Feuerman Updated on June 25, 2019 PeopleImages/CreativeRF/Getty More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse A healthy and invigorating  marriage is something all couples should strive to maintain, regardless of age or years married. High-spirited relationships are often envied by others, but more critically, you will prevent the mundane tasks of daily life from thwarting long-term happiness. However, both spouses have to put forth deliberate effort to prevent a marriage from going stale. During the honeymoon phase  (which, by the way, lasts less than a year), couples focus most their attention on their significant other. They never imagine a time when anything else could vie for their attention. Men and women alike abound with energy and spontaneity during this “incubation” period. Now, fast-forward a few years: spouses have a career, the family has grown by one or more children, and the laundry basket is overflowingâ€"not exactly romantic. How Do You Preserve That Surreal Newlywed Feeling? Well . . . it starts with the realization that your marriage is worthy of the commitment you made when you said, “I do.” Also, all foolish notions have to be put to rest. Only in movies and romance novels do men and women communicate without talking, or have romantic rendezvous without thought or planning. Contrary to popular belief, love takes effort.   Luckily, there are many simple ways to keep the romance alive in your marriage and demonstrate your continuing  love  for your spouse. Simple Actions That Will Light a Spark in Your Marriage 1. A Special Dinner Make reservations at their favorite restaurant for no particular occasion. You be the designated driver and let them enjoy a few drinks. Or, if money is a bit tight, plan a picnic or a special meal at home with a flavorfulâ€"but reasonably pricedâ€"bottle of wine. 2. Movie Night Take your spouse to the movie theater and let them take pleasure in a show of their choosing. You may not enjoy love stories or action movies, but marriage is about compromise. Again, if money is tight, rent a movie and make a big bowl of buttery popcorn. The point is to make your partner feel good. 3. A Weekend Alone If you have children, make plans for them to stay with relatives for the weekend. Use your imagination. Spend the weekend ordering takeout and practicing bedroom gymnastics, make reservations at an exclusive bed and breakfast in the middle of nowhere, or take a skiing trip to the mountainsâ€"even if you don’t ski. 4. Surprise Each Other One of the best aspects of a new relationship or being newly married is the constant element of surprise and novelty. At this point, you know so much about your spouse, and it takes quite a bit to surprise him or her. But why not think up a way to truly catch your spouse off guard (in a good way). For example, have the kids gone when your spouse comes home from work to have an intimate dinner and finish things off in the bedroom? When was the last time you wore lingerie, left him a love note or sent her a bouquet of flowers for no reason? It’s time to get creative. 5. Look at Old Pictures Sit together and go through old photos or albums. Reminisce about your memories. Reflect upon your history together and places you have been together. Share some laughs and maybe even cry some tears. 6. Make Out Flashback to when you were a teenager or when you first met each other. Make out just for fun.  If it leads to that then great. But the point is to do something fun and different that will get the dopamine flowing again. 7. Do Something Different Take the initiative, just like you did when you were dating, to plan a fun date or a new activity. Do not do anything that you usually do. It’s time to get creative. Perhaps a museum exhibit, an art show, an escape room, or a lecture on a fascinating topic? Approach your spouse with excitement when you say where you are taking him or her. Notice what all these ideas have in common: they take thought and planning. Nothing ?zaps the spark out of your marriage like taking each other for granted. So show your spouse you’re committed to maintaining a healthy relationship. Whether it’s a particular gift (lingerie, flowers, power tools, etc.) or a note placed in the briefcase, continually make an effort. Why not become the envy of all your friends. More importantly, demonstrate to your children how healthy, loving, and committed parents conduct themselves. In the end, everyone will benefit from your happy marriage. Why Are the First Two Years of Marriage so Important?

Could work be made more satisfying and participatory Free Essay Example, 1500 words

The management however, fails due to the inability to identify that some sort of informal organization is coming up within the organization so that they are able to deal with the problem by making employees understand and appreciate their roles more (Krahn et al. 2010, P. 223-246). The critical issue though is can both parties achieve their main desires in a mutually advantageous manner. Because of this varied ambitions both parties have different motivations behind the quest for work reform. The employer seeks to fully exploit and combine all the factors of production to make maximum profit. The worker aim is to have a favorable working environment that allows for innovation and personal growth. Employee’s skills should then be fully utilized as they get maximum reward for their efforts. A major cause of lack of job satisfaction occurs when the employer in an effort to maximize profits make the working conditions fail to meet the workers expectations. This will include emplo ying techniques like use of assembly lines where the employee does the same task time after time, this results in employee failure to make maximum contribution as talents and abilities are not fully exploited(Smith & Bullock, 2007 ). They worker is also not given the opportunity to give any valuable input to the project. We will write a custom essay sample on Could work be made more satisfying and participatory or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This is what causes the employee to begin begrudging the work and will choose to work partially towards attainment of the organizations goal (Bellamy, 1998). Work can be made to be more satisfying and participatory. This will require that the employees work in a favorable environment. The employer on the other had obtains maximum returns from the investment. For employees to develop a feeling that their work is being fully appreciated would require a variety of measures. For assembly line and industrial workers the management can adopt employee rotation (Krahn et al. 2010, P. 317-328). A worker is posted somewhere for a particular period before, then they are moved to another section (Chmiel, 2009). This will give all employee room to determine the work location where their skills are most utilized. Once an employee indentifies this position, the employee will feel more satisfied. The worker then has a choice of whether to maintain the position or c ontinue the rotation (Krahn et al, 2010). The satisfied employee will be able to feel that his skills are properly being utilized and the money being paid is the reward of this skill. The work thus becomes more satisfying and participatory.

Effects Of Technology In The Middle Ages - 1311 Words

The Middle Ages, and all of prominently configured ancient times differ from modern social traditions, relevantly due to the broad differenced in culture, technology, religious and sciences. The Renaissance Ages were moreover considered as the years of transition, where contemporary scientific discoveries were placed into affect, and enhanced political systems were inaugurated to battle against the â€Å"sovereign† yet malignant rulers who were determined to save their thrones in their Empires, and engaged in any remote, and localized conflicts to disable their opponents victories. New technologies were indeed in the revolutionary stages, and several new devices were founded by well contemplating scientists to ease the lifestyle of the everyday†¦show more content†¦The premier telescope was founded by Galileo in just one day, and the news of new cosmological galaxies ahead of our planet, â€Å"or the heavens† as ancient biblical scriptures denoted the phenomeno n of what is ahead of our planet. The minuscule, yet readable book was immediately published after the introduction, and inveiglement of his intention, entitled, â€Å"The Starry Messenger† which can still be acquired to this day. The factual book was spread in multiple languages to read a expansive audience, to which is excelled in, and reached immediately publicity from highly educated persons, such as John Donne, a 1611 poet, who wrote the following describing the obscure documentation: â€Å"Galileo †¦ who of late hath summoned the other world, the stars to come nearer to him, and give him an account of themselves.† Though the news may be been prevailed as truthful upon publication, the text was seen as heretical, as it antagonized traditional Roman Catholic values, and contradicted beliefs of the revolution of the planets. The text was immediately banned, and all sales were terminated. For the remaining years, Galileo was tried on House Arrest, and was forced to remain in the vacancy of his home, and never depart from his residency for the remainder of his lifetime. 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Identification Of Potential Ischaemic Stroke Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Stroke could shortly be the most common cause of decease worldwide ( Murray and Lopez, 1997 ) . Stroke is presently the 2nd prima cause of decease in the Western universe, ranking after bosom disease and before malignant neoplastic disease ( Donnan et al. , 2008 ) , and causes 10 % of deceases worldwide ( [ Anon ] , 2004 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Identification Of Potential Ischaemic Stroke Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite a decennary of intense public instruction and medical promotion, stroke continues to stand for a major cause of mortality accounting for around 53,000 deceases every twelvemonth ( [ ANON ] 2009 ) and this is the most common cause of terrible disablement which will necessitate long-run attention. There are more than 111,000 people who have suffered from new or perennial shot ‘s every twelvemonth, where in 2006/07 the NHS spent over ?2.8 billion in this country and the entire cost to the UK economic system was ?4.5 million ( [ ANON ] 2009 ) Stroke consequences from perturbation in the blood supply to the encephalon and leads to the decease of all cells within the affected tissue ( Sims and Muyderman, 2010 ) . There are 2 chief types of shot. They are ischaemic and haemorrhagic ( NINDS, 2009 ) . Ischemic shot is caused by the infarction of a vas providing blood and foods to the encephalon. The encephalon cells in the immediate country of hurt have died as a consequence of ischaemia ( NINDS, 2009, Deb et al. , 2010 ) . Ischemic shot can be embolic and thrombotic ; lacunar shot is besides under this class ( Wityk and Llinas, 2007 ) . Hemorrhagic shot is caused by compaction of tissue from an spread outing haematoma or haematoma. This force per unit area besides lead to a loss of blood supply to affected tissue and the blood released by encephalon bleeding appears to hold direct toxic effects on encephalon tissue and vasculature ( NINDS, 1999 ) . More than 80 % of shot are caused by ischaemia ( Flynn et al. , 2008 ) At the minute, the diagnosing of ischaemic shot is relied on an experient shot clinician ‘s scrutiny of the patient, supplemented by the consequences of encephalon imagination. However, those who all of a sudden become ailing with a suspected shot, the clinical appraisal within the first few hours is non ever straightforward. Many patients with acute shot are non assessed by a shot specializer ; the initial rating is frequently performed by a household practician, paramedic, or triage nurse ( Whiteley et al. , 2008 ) . Presently, the computed imaging ( CT ) and magnetic resonance Imaging ( MRI ) are the most common technique used to diagnosis acute shot and differentiate between ischaemic and haemorrhagic shot ( Wardlaw and Mielke, 2005 ) For most instances and at most establishments, CT remains the most practical imagination mode ( Adams, 2007 ) . For those assessed in infirmary, reading of encephalon imagination visual aspects can be hard, as CT is frequently normal after the oncoming of ischaemia and may stay normal in patients with mild ischaemic shots. MRI is more sensitive in observing ischaemia than CT, particularly in the diagnosing of mild shot ( Chalela et al. , 2007 ) , is still merely 83 % sensitive or 98 % specific ( Chalela et al. , 2007 ) . Furthermore, MRI may non be executable in acutely sick patients because they are ungratified, have a contraindication to MRI, or MRI may non be instantly available. The current diagnosing of shot remains hampered and delayed due to miss of a suited mechanism for rapid, accurate and analytically sensitive diagnostic trial ( Laskowitz et al. , 2009 ) . There is a clear demand for farther development in this country. Scientists have for a really long clip been look intoing and seeking to happen new ways to diagnosis shots. Increasing figure of articles, documents and journeys have been suggested that blood biomarker may be a possible campaigner for efficient and accurate diagnosing such as a blood trial for shots ( Hill, 2005 ) . Biomarker defined as a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an index of normal biological procedures, pathological procedures or pharmacological response to a curative intercession ( Biomarkers Definition Working Group, 2001 ) . It can be any sort of molecules that present in the mark being. During an ischaemic shot, obstruction of arterias causes accretion of blood metabolites and release of enceph alon tissue proteins one time the cardinal nervous system gets damaged. All of these proteins are the possible biomarkers, including neuron-specific enolase ( NSE ) , astroglial protein S-100b, medulla basic protein ( MBP ) , creatin phosphokinase isoenzyme BB ( CK-BB ) , tau, thrombomodulin ( Tm ) , glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) , adenylkinase, lactate, lactate deshydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, glutathione, vasointestinal neuropeptide, and 7B2-specific neuropetide ( Allard et al. , 2004 ) . In order to go a individual specific diagnostic biomarker that will be clinically utile, the desirable belongingss are including duplicability to obtain in a standardised manner, acceptableness to the patient, how easy is it to construe by clinicians, truth such as high sensitiveness ( sensing of disease when it is truly present, i.e. placing true positive ) and high selectivity ( acknowledgment of absence of disease when disease is genuinely absent, i.e. placing true negative ) for the result it is expected to place, besides ability to explicate a sensible proportion of the result independent of established forecasters systematically in multiple surveies and there are informations to propose that cognition of biomarker degrees alterations direction, prognostic values, big likeliness ratios, low cost, rapid sustained lift, high tissue specificity ( bespeaking myocardial beginning ) , release relative to disease extent and check characteristics conductive to indicate of attention prov ing are critical ( Fon et al. , 1994, Kelly et al. , 2003 ) However, in 2008 a systematic reappraisal was published by the American Heart Association. 38 diagnostic literatures were reviewed and proving was carried out for 58 biomarkers, but a decision was made that none of them can be recommended for usage in everyday clinical pattern ( Whiteley et al. , 2008 ) . The high sensitiveness and specificity are the largest obstructor in ischaemic shot biomarker development ( Allard et al. , 2004 ) . There are a few concerns is addressed. First of wholly, the blood-brain barrier ( BBB ) will detain the release of encephalon tissue proteins into blood watercourse ; Second, the volume of damaged tissue released does n’t correlate to the badness of the harm to within the encephalon. As Human shot is such a heterogenous disease, possibly a rapid blood trial for shot is difficult to believe. So far no blood trial can be 100 % specific and sensitive ( Hill, 2005 ) . However a blood trial can be used as a complementary clinical diagnosing bases on its statistic mark, together act as a diagnostic biomarker ( Hill, 2005 ) . If the constriction is able to interrupt, this will assist to salvage 1000s of lives and besides save an unbelievable sum of money for the NHS. Potential biomarkers identified demand to be transitioned rapidly into clinical proof proving for farther rating in an acute shot scene ; to make so would impact and better patient results and quality of life. A individual set or multiple sets of blood biomarkers that could be used in an acute scene to diagnosis shot, differentiate between shot types, or even predict an initial or reoccurring shot would be highly valuable. Label-free quantitative proteomic method will be used in this undertaking. It is a comparatively new engineering that generated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography -Tandem Mass Spectrometry ( HPLC- MS/MS ) , alternatively of utilizing exogenously labelled isotopes, it does non necessitate stable isotopic-labelled compound. This type of spectroscopy allows us to find and follow proteomic look at different provinces within the theoretical account being, therefore the proteins concentration. The combination of mass spectroscopy and bioinformatics has been proven to be an effectual technique for the find of possible biomarkers for assorted malignant neoplastic diseases and diseases from patient ‘s serum or plasma samples. With this technique, the proteins of involvements can be obtained from the samples which are convenient for sidelong quantification and designation Purposes and aims My undertaking is to look for possible biomarker ( s ) which might bale to utilize in acute ischaemic diagnosing. I will utilize Label-free quantitative proteomic method to near this purpose. The aims of this undertaking are able to utilize HPLC – MS/MS to observe and distinguish between the control and samples by comparing the peak strength differences, and to quantify the sum of differences of the protein so to place the protein of interested for farther experiment. Besides to develop a method to look for possible biomarker ( s ) with animate being theoretical accounts by HPLC – MS/MS. cardinal activities 3.1 Sampling Animal theoretical account sample of shot is traveling to be used alternatively of human sample of shot. It is because animate beings and worlds have similar nervous and vascular substrates and similar biochemical and molecular mechanisms of hurt and ( Yamori et al. , 1976 ) features of shot in worlds are similar to experimental theoretical accounts in animate beings. Largely of import animate being theoretical accounts allow research workers to analyze immediate and early ischaemic events, events that can be hard to analyze in human patients because of the variable clip holds in early acknowledgment of a shot and initial curative intercession. Among the assortment of animate beings, rats are peculiarly utile for shot research because their cerebrovascular anatomy and physiology closely resemble that of worlds. They have a little encephalon volume that is however good suited to different analytical processs and are moderately cheap in footings of purchase and care costs compared with those for larger animate beings. Furthermore, the public tends to hold fewer animate being public assistance concerns sing the usage of gnawers in shot research compared with the usage of Canis familiariss or cats and commercially available of inbred rats are comparatively homogenous genetically, leting research workers to understate confusing effects originating from a heterogenous background and to accomplish good reducibility ( little criterion divergence ) ( Wang-Fischer, 2009 ) . The stoke theoretical account I am traveling to utilize is focal hemisphere intellectual ischaemia. This theoretical account mimics the most common site of human ischaemic shot. Surgery will be performed under injectable anesthesia. Although inhalational anaesthesia is recommended for shot survey, injectable agents have some advantages in neurological surveies and have been used by many research labs, such as the disposal of injectable agents is simple and easy, no particular equipment is needed ( a simple acerate leaf and syringe can finish the anesthesia work ) and cheap equipment and drugs lower the cost of survey. Blood sample is taken Immediately before clamping of the internal carotid arteria ( ICA ) instantly anterior to unclamping ( ischemia ) the ICA and before skin closing ( reperfusion ) ( Fig. 1 ) . Cerebrospinal fluid has be to collected for analysis because it is highly utile for surveies of the cardinal nervous system, it will incorporate any unmetabolised molecules from the encephalon so it allows an research worker to straight mensurate alterations in senders, endocrines, cytokines, or any other factor that might be of import. All samples are so labelled decently. All blood samples have to be centrifuge within 30 proceedingss of aggregation. Plasma is removed and stored at a?’80A °C until usage. After the wound closing of the rats, evan blue is injected and circulated for 60-120 proceedingss. Then rats are anesthetised and perfuse with PBS through the left ventricle to rinse out the extra dye. Afterward, encephalons are removed and the hemispheres are separated, weighed, and placed in tubings. Reperfusion sample Ischmaemia sample Baseline sample Reperfusion Ischmaemia Baseline ICA unclamped ICA clamped Fig. 1 Flow diagram of sample aggregation. ICA: internal carotid arteria 3.2 Nanoflow HPLC- MS/MS sample readying and analysis Plasma samples are thawed at 4A °C and digested with trypsin at 37A °C for 16 hr before transporting out analysis. Digested plasma samples and cerebrospinal fluid samples are loaded and nanoflow High Performance Liquid Chromatography -Tandem Mass Spectrometry ( HPLC- MS/MS ) analysis is carried out. This is an machine-controlled method once the sample is loaded. 3.3 Fluorescence spectrophotometer analysis The fluorescence strength of the dye will so find by fluorescence spectrophotometer after a series of sample readying 3.4 Statistical analysis First, protein quantification is measure peak highs in chromatography. The mark proteins are the extremums strength with high duplicability ( CV lt ; 8 % ) . The chromatographic extremum alliance is used to knock in this comparative attack. Statistical analysis such as Students t-test was performed to find the significance of alterations between multiple samples. In the spectral numeration attack, comparative protein quantification is achieved by comparing the figure of identified MS/MS spectra from the same protein in each of the multiple LCMS/MS datasets. This addition protein ‘s copiousness and consequences in an addition in the figure of its proteolytic peptides. A list of the possible biomarker will so be created. The atomization from this list will so place. The undertaking program 4.1 Workflow Logic Diagram of activities Sample aggregation ( Surgrey ) White affair A ; gray affair Control from CSF Sample from CSF Sample from plasma Control from plasma Sampling Sample storage at a?’80A °C Sample storage at – 80A °C Sample readying ( Digest ) Label-free quantitative proteomics readying and analysis Control from CSF Sample from plasma Sample from CSF Control from plasma Fluorescence spectrophotometer HPLC separation MS/MS Quantification ( Peak strength, spectra count ) Candidate verification/ proof Designation by commercially statistical package Potential diagnostic biomarker ( s ) Fig. 2 Logic diagram of activities. CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid 4.2 Gantt Chart Activities Wk 1 Wk 2 Wk 3 Wk 4 Wk 5 Wk 6 Wk 7 Sample aggregation Ten aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ Sample readying of blood sample aˆˆ Ten aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ Sample readying of CSF aˆˆ Ten aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ Sample readying of fluorescence spectrophotometry Ten aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ Nanoflow HPLC- MS/MS analysis aˆˆ Ten aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ Fluorescence spectrophotometer analysis Ten aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ Statistical Quantification aˆˆ aˆˆ Ten Ten Ten aˆˆ aˆˆ Protein Identification aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ aˆˆ Ten Ten Ten Table 1. Gantt chart with clip line. From Table. 1. It shows the jutting activities and hebdomad by hebdomad of what activities are expected to be carried out. In hebdomad one, surgrey takes topographic point and because the encephalon protein will get down to fall out 3 yearss after the station shot, the dye and fluorescence spectrophotometry is besides taking topographic point in hebdomad 1. In hebdomad 2, the HPLC- MS/MS analysis will be carried out. From hebdomad 3 subsequently, it is the statistical analysis. Statistical quantification the possible biomarker by comparing the peak strength and so place the atomization of interested extremum. Resources Equipment: Centrifuge Freezer – 80a„? HPLC – MS/MS Fluorescence spectrophotometer 4.3.2 Apparatus EDTA tubing Needle and syringe Skin Scissorss Vascular clinchs Microdissecting Tweezers A ; Forcepss A cold-illumination lighting system Operating Board 4.3.3 Reagent Anaesthetic drug Trypsin heparin-saline mixture Sterrad ( Low-Temperature Hydrogen Peroxide Plasma ) Buffer A ( 96 % H2O 4 % methanol 0.2 % formic acid ) Buffer B ( 10 % H2O, 90 % acetonitrile, 0.2 % formic acid ) Evans blue PBS 4.3.4 Training Training to manage research lab animate beings Expertness on nanoflow HPCL because insouciant users lack the expertness to utilize the demanding microfluidics that is involved and to observe jobs. 4.5.5 Statistical package for HPLC – MS/MS Any of these would be suited for the statistical analysis: SIEVE package The Rosetta Elucidator system Undertaking analysis 5.1 Hazard analysis Incorporation of biomarkers find has an impact on timelines of undertaking direction due to extra work on their designation and possible proof. Furthermore, there are troubles to fix the white affair hurt theoretical accounts which are used as indicant of how much harm of ischemic shot caused to the rat and the fluctuation between animate beings are normally big. Drumhead decision The primary end of a individual set or multiple sets of blood biomarkers development is to cut down the hazard of late abrasion during clinical development for grounds of safety or efficaciousness ; to make so would impact and better patient results and quality of life. Although it will be a long and difficult tract to make this finish, it is a baronial end, and the right way for the hereafter of stroke diagnosing. How to cite Identification Of Potential Ischaemic Stroke Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Shakespeare in love Analysis Essay Example

Shakespeare in love Analysis Paper In this media assignment, I will be looking at and interpreting the film Shakespeare in Love. Although at first the film looks to be fairly normal, there are subtle things, which generally make it more appealing to us. The director needed to add these subtle things to make the film look and feel realistic, so that the audience would think the film was believable. I am going to write about what these subtle things are, and what their impact is on the audience as well as giving my thoughts on each. With nearly every point I make, you have to consider the film is intending to take us back in time to the 1590s, the time Elizabeth I was the queen. A lot of my points will refer to the time period, because it will be very important to the director to make the film believable. Because Shakespeare is such a famous person, most people who see the film will know he died a long time ago (in 1616 to be precise), which would mean that the audience would expect the film to be set in a different time period to match the time he lived in (that is, unless it has been purposely modernised, which in this case it hasnt). We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare in love Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare in love Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare in love Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Tied into this, I think the opening sequence was discreetly meant to look old. Something that I noticed was that the opening credits (telling us the cast names etc.) were in black and white. I would associate black and white with the past, because in the earlier years of the 20th century, films used to be in black and white, before colour was introduced later on. This was as well as the font of the writing being in the font that we would associate with old England. Because the director did this, we get the impression that the film is set in the 16th century even before the film has begun. Its important to set the mood for a film in its first scenes, because it would be harder to persuade an audience to enjoy a film if they werent immediately drawn into it. The phrase: you dont get a second first impression suits my point because as with just about anything, most people will presume that all the film will follow the patterns of what we see in its first few minutes. There was only one thing that I thought was wrong with the opening sequence. Nothing else was happening when the opening credits were on, never mind any decent on screen action! Anything that was happening would have given us a taste of what was to come later on. Because there wasnt any action, it felt as if the director didnt care about giving us a taster and therefore didnt care that the only thing we could do during the credits was to get bored. However, I dont think that a good first impression would be good enough for an audience. I think this was why music seemed to be extremely important to the director as well. Not only was it frequently played, the instruments played suited the period Shakespeare in Love was set in. I dont recall hearing anything but string instruments which are associated with classical music. Also, the tempo, pitch, and loudness of the music are all very important. Whenever an important part of the film is on screen, we hear completely different types of music, even though the same instruments are used. For example, when Thomas Kemp was auditioning for the part of Romeo, background music gradually got louder. This was building up to the end of his audition, when the music seemed to explode so that it dominated all the films sound. The pitch also seemed to get higher. These combined create music that feels victorious and happy probably how Shakespeare felt at the time it was happening. It is hard to describe why the music felt this way, but the music seems to uplift our feelings, just as the pitch and volume got higher. I think the on screen action also reflects how we feel, because we can usually see the emotion being portrayed as the music is being played. This was also done in many other places, such as the scene where Shakespeare was running down the street with the first scene in his hand, and also when Thomas Kemp listens to Shakespeare reads a sonnet on stage realising (I think) that she wanted to be the part of Romeo in his play. This type of music was almost certainly used intentionally because of the numerous places it turned up in. Not only was there happy music, but also dramatic music. The tempo increased dramatically, and the pitch of the music was dropped slightly to get this feeling. This wasnt played in as many areas as with the happy music, but was still used quite frequently. The best example of this music was when Shakespeare was chasing Thomas Kemp through the streets, after their audition. However important this is to the director, the camera angles need to be just as good. We saw that on several occasions the level of the camera reflected the class system old England had. We could see this clearly at the very end of the film, when Romeo and Juliet was being performed because the common audience were at the bottom of the stage, whereas the royal box was overlooking the stage and directly above the 3rd class people. This showed us that the higher-class people were in the position that resembled their status higher up. We also saw something similar at the beginning of the film, when Henslowe was being tortured. We saw that the camera was looking up to Fennyman (the torturer), and down at Henslowe. I think this was because Fennyman was the person in control of his peers. This meant that Henslowe was (metaphorically speaking) looking up to Fennyman to try to gain his forgiveness as did the camera whenever Fennyman spoke. The techniques used with the camera were also fairly basic which isnt typical of a film at all! No advanced techniques were used in the film (such as zoom or fading), which I think was a fairly discreet thing to do, yet very effective for the people who notice it. I think the lack of modern techniques used represented the lack of technology that the people had in the 16th century. I really liked the techniques used, because they show us that the director seems to have really tried to make the film believable yet used a variety of different ways. These techniques may appeal to a more observant audience because they will get that little extra for the money they pay, whereas people who are less observant will probably be happy with the on-screen scenery and props; which only make the film look (and not feel) old. However, making the films set look old is still fairly important. This ties in with a previous point I made at the bottom of page one, regarding getting a first impression. If the audience were expecting a realistic film (which in this case they would be), they would not be impressed by a modern looking set in the first few minutes, as they should know that Shakespeare lived hundreds of years ago. The audience would then probably notice more of the modern things put into the film, rather than any old things (visible or otherwise). This would therefore lower peoples opinions of the film, before the main plots have even begun to unfold. Such obvious background features included the use of lighted candles to light an area, instead of electric light bulbs, particularly in pubic buildings. Also, rats were occasionally seen on screen with the most memorable time for me being when the young boy speaking to Shakespeare picked one up by its tail. These are fairly obvious examples, but are only used in the background. One physical feature that stood out were the characters clothes because they were always on screen and also because they were often unusual, making them stand out a lot of the time. However, the clothes didnt vary enough for my liking. Although they suited the time, they seemed to lack originality. The clothes of commoners were often dirty and generally looked old and worn, whereas the higher-class people wore the most bizarre outfits Ive ever seen particularly queen Elizabeth 1st with her top, which seemed to have grown wings! This wasnt enough for me because any director could have made actors in the mise-en-scene wear these types of clothes for an effect, so therefore the directors intentions for clothing lacked originality. Perhaps the director could have advised the clothing department to rip parts of the commoners clothes, and then sew them back together with a different coloured thread, that had no contrast at all, to emphasise how poor these people were. Also, the director could have distinguished Shakespeare to be in a particular class. This is because Shakespeare tended to fall in between class structures as far as his clothing was concerned as his clothes were neither old or worn, denoting a poor person, nor bizarre and extravagant, denoting a rich person. The only thing that impressed me with the clothing was that they usually made the important characters stand out. This was because Shakespeares clothes (among others) were a different colour to most other people. This was particularly effective in scenes where the mise-en-scene was similar to the main action. For example, in scenes where the mise-en-scene involved dancing, the unimportant dancers tended to wear burgundy and brownish colours, which were similar colours to the background, whereas Shakespeare wore a vibrant green shirt and hat. Although there was barely any change in the style of clothes, Shakespeare always stood out of the crowd. This was an excellent idea. This follows my earlier point in saying that the same classes wore similar clothes, which would potentially have been a big problem. This is because if it wasnt for the colour schemes, then there would have been no way Shakespeare could have stood out by wearing almost identical clothes. We can now see that colours may have had more of an effect than some people may think. This is because not only were the colours important in making important characters stand out, but they also discreetly helped the director make the film a love story The colours in the background tended to be shades of red. The colour is associated with love and passion which is probably why it seemed to me as if there was more of the colour red in passionate scenes. For example, in the close up scene of Shakespeare and Lady Viola undressing each other on the bed, the only thing we saw in the background were the closed curtains which were red. The other obvious place to me was in the dancing scenes (as Ive mentioned before). Everyone else who was dancing were mainly wearing red and burgundy colours which may have reflected the passion the people in the background had for their partners, as well as with Shakespeare and Viola. I think the colour use is very ambiguous. On one hand, we have the colour representation (red meaning love and passion, for example), whereas the on the other hand we have the use with making the main characters unique. I personally think that this is a good quality of a film, because it kills two birds with one stone. Then again, I can see why the ambiguity could be a bad thing as people may think that truly great directors could make characters unique, without making them physically different. This would mean ambiguity with the colours wouldnt be needed. On the other hand, colour would be less important to the director, compared with him showing that he could make a realistic film because I people world prefer a film that was to their taste, rather than to the tastes of a 16th century audience (after all, fashions do change with time). Because people back then would expect different things from the entertainment industry, the director would have to modernise the film to an extent, to make it more appealing for our generations, but without ruining the historical background from which it came from, to make the film believable. I have already mentioned about how the director had kept an old theme (e.g. with candles and basic camera-angles); but he had to change some things, such as the language used, so that we could understand what was being said on-screen. This is because people who find it hard to decipher text would find it difficult to translate what was being said into everyday English, never mind do it so that they could keep up with the plot at the same time! This is probably why the only character in the first few scenes that spoke old English frequently, was Shakespeare, who in the film was called Will. This was another way in which the film was modernised by making the name, William, relate to its modern equivalent. Although I say this, the director needs to keep some older English in the film, not only to make the film believable, but to also make Shakespeares sonnets feel in place when recited. We frequently saw Shakespeare recite sonnets, particularly if he and Viola were together. For example, Shakespeare recited the world-famous Oh Romeo, Oh Romeo, where for art thou, Romeo? scene with Viola (NOT Juliet) during the film. This wouldnt have looked in place if the scene were acted out in modern English, because such sonnets are renowned for having old English dialogue in them. For example, we dont recite the Oh Romeo scene in modern English, by saying something upon the lines of: Oi, Romeo, where are you? I think the modernisation was needed to suit a general audience, but I would have welcomed more old spoken English. For viewers in countries outside the UK, the lack of old spoken English makes the film a bad example of how our country used to speak. Alternatively, small details were used to make the film look realistic. Sometimes they were barely noticeable, yet they made a difference. They gave us a little extra information, which allowed the actors and scenery to look realistic. Some of these details included: Lighted candles; the use of a quill and ink instead of a pen, with ink stains surrounding the pots and paper; and the use of swords to fight, instead of guns. However, I saw even smaller details that (if noticed by the audience) would give a decent impact as well. These included: People with dirty fingernails, which shows how dirty Elizabethan England affected the population; the words Bought in Stratford-upon-Avon on Shakespeares cup; and the cock-a-doodle-doo sounds made by chickens, which woke up the town (instead of alarm clocks). These small details were good to include, but I cant help feeling that some were too hard to notice, unless you were looking specifically for them (like I was). I think the director shouldnt have included as many small details, and concentrated more on noticeable areas of the film, such as making the film believable by improving props and scenery, so they look like they were from the Elizabethan times not that they didnt look good enough in the film as we saw it. So my point is, perhaps the director should have cut out these smaller details, and concentrate harder on making more noticeable features, which would probably have made for a better film. The details of the film were accurate despite the plot being fictional. The film is allowing us to watch a possible way in which Romeo and Juliet could have been written but not what actually happened. The plot was constructed to resemble the plot in Romeo and Juliet with their feuding families, two star-crossed lovers, and the struggle they had to keep their relationship going. The plots were so similar we even saw cut scenes between the play being acted out, and the real-life plot developing together; possibly the only advanced technique used in the film. This happened mainly when Viola and Shakespeare were together and were passionate, reciting sonnets from Romeo and Juliet. The other place this happened was at the very end of the film, when Shakespeare was still very upset about Viola leaving the country with her husband-to-be. So much so, he wrote his next play, Twelfth night straight after she went. He made Viola the main character in the play, who ironically dresses up as a man, although this time it was her brother, Sebastian. The idea of having a muse for Shakespeare was a good idea, because it shows that Shakespeare also needs inspiration to write his extraordinary plays which would be uplifting for all budding writers, who hope to be able to write as well as him in the future. The ending didnt only do this, but also resembled the beginning of the play. In both, Shakespeare began to write the plays in completely different ways. At the start, Shakespeare didnt have his muse, but at the end he did and the differences between how he wrote them were huge. I remember that at the start, he was practising writing his signature, and that he also pointed to his head a lot (usually saying that he knew what he was going to write). I think that this was because he didnt know exactly who he was, and what his purpose in life was. He is trying to figure out in his head who he was, yet he wasnt definite enough to write it down and know he was right. The signatures probably show this as well; because they all seemed to be different, possibly portraying all the different people he was; trying to choose which one he wanted to live as. When he had discovered who he was, he wrote Twelfth night straight away showing us that his muse (Viola) was essential to the film. To conclude, I will give my overall opinion of the film. I think the film wasnt impeccable, yet it had all the qualities of a good film. It showed us that we dont have to look at physical details to pick every detail up, yet also gives us a variety of ways we can praise the film for its physical appearance. However, I would like to have seen a better link between the Shakespeare/Viola love story, and the Fennyman/Henslowe money problems to create more conflict. I would also liked to have seen more advanced techniques used even if it resembled the period the film was set in, the camera angles seemed to get repetitive after a while. For example, fading could have been used when flicking from a scene in the acted play, and the real-life goings on away from the theatre. This would have made the links between them more obvious, and it would also have told us when these links were intended to stop happening.